Campus recruiting has always been an investment of time, money, and brand equity. But for many employers today, that investment isn’t paying off.

Despite record application numbers, recruiters face challenges associated with filling specific roles, declining offer acceptance rates, and rising early attrition. At the same time, hiring managers grow frustrated by candidate quality, recruiters are stretched thin, and costs are under the microscope.

The problem isn’t just what companies are doing, but rather they often misunderstand why students engage in the first place and continue to rely on processes that don’t align.

We’ve seen this disconnect play out across industries and organizations of every size. Through our work with thousands of employers and students, one insight stands out: not all applicants are motivated the same way. Understanding those motivations, and tailoring your recruiting strategy accordingly, can dramatically improve efficiency, engagement, and retention.

We call this framework The Four C’s of Campus Recruiting: Compliance, Convenience, Curiosity, and Commitment.

1. Compliance: When Students Participate Because They Have To

Many students engage with employers because their school, class, or career center requires them to create job board accounts, attend career fairs, or participate in events. They show up for the credit, the attendance, or the box-check, not the opportunity.  This is done with the best intentions of schools as they want to encourage students on their professional readiness path, but has some unintended consequences.

The cost to employers?

• Wasted recruiter hours reviewing applications from students who have no intention of accepting an offer.
• Inflated metrics that mask real pipeline health.
• Lower conversion rates that make it harder to justify budgets to leadership.
• Disengaged hiring managers frustrated by candidates who look great on paper but lack genuine interest.

What employers can do:
Add small “intentional friction” such as replacing “easy apply” with short-answer questions that test motivation. In addition, understand the policies of schools tied to required participation, and partner with them to align expectations.

2. Convenience: When Applying is Easier Than Caring

“Click-to-apply” platforms have made it simpler than ever to apply for jobs, and harder than ever to find the right candidates. Employers have appropriately tried to create a better candidate experience, but the pendulum has swung too far.  As a result, convenience-driven applicants often submit dozens of applications in minutes, and do so before even considering their interest in the role.

The hidden costs:

• Recruiting team burnout from reviewing high volumes of low-quality applications.
• Inefficient screening processes that drain time and resources evaluating candidates with low likelihood of converting.
• Hiring manager skepticism when interview slates feel misaligned with job needs.
• Decreased conversion metrics as candidates have applied to many roles without real interest or intent.

When every student applies everywhere, your real challenge isn’t awareness, it’s discernment.

What employers can do:
Consider if your current process has driven candidates to have enough “skin in the game” to assess genuine interest – this doesn’t mean drawn out processes, but rather embedding steps beyond submitting a resume or LinkedIn profile.  Beyond preventing “spray and pray” applications that clog up your process, these steps can also provide insights around communication, problem solving, and other core skills earlier in the process.

3. Curiosity: When Students Are Exploring (and How You Can Influence Them)

Curious students, especially first- or second-years or those from less career-defined majors, aren’t certain about their future path, but they want to learn.

For most employers, these students represent a massive missed opportunity. While competitors fight over “committed” candidates, curious students are forming first impressions about industries, brands, and roles. Engaging them can lead to stronger, more diverse pipelines that lead to better conversion and retention.

The risk of ignoring curiosity:

• Missed long-term pipeline development as competitors invest earlier.
• Reduced brand awareness among students still forming career preferences.
• Talent gaps in critical roles or underrepresented functions.

The payoff of engagement:

• Stronger employer reputation built through authentic, educational experiences.
• Increased diversity as you reach students who might not have considered your industry.
• Improved conversion rates from students who already know and trust your brand, and are more likely to stick around after they are hired.

What employers can do:
Curious students need exposure, not pressure. Engaging them early, before recruiting season, helps shape perceptions and build trust. Investing in curiosity-stage engagement builds trust, awareness, and long-term talent pipelines.

4. Commitment: When Certainty Isn’t Always a Strength

Committed candidates who seem laser-focused on your company or role can appear ideal, but there are also significant challenges.  These candidates are often the most difficult (and expensive) to recruit and retain as they are often aggressively pursuing similar roles as your competitors.  In addition, many college students who believe they are committed don’t fully understand the role or responsibilities, and haven’t considered other opportunities to confirm that it is the right career path for them.

The risks:

• High risk of declined offers or reneges as they play multiple companies against each other.
• Early attrition when a role doesn’t match their expectations or competitors poach.
• Unhappy hiring managers when “perfect” candidates disengage or leave quickly.

The upside of getting it right:

• Higher offer acceptance through stronger relationship-building and transparency.
• Improved retention as new hires understand the culture and role before day one.
• Enhanced employer brand as satisfied hires become advocates.

What employers can do:
Students who believe they are committed often rely on surface-level information about your organization. Employers can strengthen understanding and commitment by making the recruiting process more transparent and educational. By helping candidates understand the realities of the role, employers can reduce early turnover, increase satisfaction, and build stronger long-term engagement.

The Business Case for Understanding Motivation

Ignoring the Four C’s isn’t just an engagement problem, it’s a business risk. It leads to higher recruiting costs, lower conversion, frustrated hiring teams, and weaker long-term retention.

But when employers design recruiting strategies that reflect why students engage, they:

• Reduce time wasted on unqualified or unmotivated candidates.
• Strengthen relationships between recruiters, hiring managers, and universities.
• Improve offer acceptance and first-year retention.
• Build a talent pipeline based on alignment, not volume.

How to Bridge the Gap

For companies seeking to optimize early-career hiring, the Four C’s of student motivation highlight why so many campus recruiting efforts fall short, but they also point to a path forward.

Micro-Internships offer a unique, scalable solution that leverages the benefits of Experiential Recruiting to align student motivations and organizational needs:

• Authentic Engagement, Not Just Applications: Since >95% of college students say that Micro-Internships are how they want to learn about companies and demonstrate skills, companies benefit from the positive employer branding while introducing intentional friction into the process. This ensures that only genuinely interested, self-motivated candidates participate, drastically reducing wasted recruiter time and inflated application volumes. The result is a pipeline of students who have demonstrated actual initiative, not just intent to check a box.
• Insightful Skill Assessment, Early in the Process: By embedding Core Skills (communication, problem-solving, attention to detail, etc.) into project-based work, employers can see candidates’ abilities in action, rather than relying solely on resumes or interviews. This helps hiring managers distinguish between paper qualifications and real-world capabilities, which is crucial when high applicant volumes mask true talent.
• Brand-Building and Pipeline Development: Micro-Internships are particularly powerful for engaging students who are still exploring or may not have considered your company or industry. By providing a low-risk, paid opportunity to interact with your organization, you transform curiosity into understanding and advocacy, increasing the odds that the candidates aligned to your goals don’t get missed and will accept your offers.
• Reality Check for Committed Candidates: Even when recruiting “committed” students, employers benefit when these students have real project exposure before accepting summer internships or joining full-time. Micro-Internships allow both students and employers to confirm alignment on role, culture, and expectations, reducing early attrition and costly mishires.
• Inclusive, Flexible, and Data-Driven: Micro-Internships can be designed for broad accessibility, allowing participation from students who might otherwise be excluded due to geography, academic commitments, or financial barriers. This helps companies advance diversity and inclusion goals, while also capturing data on student performance that feeds continuous improvement in campus strategies.

From Metrics to Meaning: The Future of Campus Recruiting

The future of early-career recruiting isn’t about collecting more applications - it’s about cultivating better connections.

By focusing on Compliance, Convenience, Curiosity, and Commitment, employers can transform recruiting from a transactional process into a strategic advantage. They’ll spend less time sifting through noise, and more time engaging the right students in meaningful, measurable ways.

At Parker Dewey, we see this every day. Micro-Internships help employers apply the Four C’s in practice, creating authentic, low-risk opportunities to discover talent, assess fit, and build long-term relationships.

Because when you understand why students engage, you stop chasing applicants and start building future employees.